Lung & Esophageal Cancer

Lung Cancer is the most life-threatening Cancer in the world due to its high rate of occurrence, it commonly being found at advanced stage, and poor treatment options. Five year survival ranges between 4–17%.

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal Cancer can occur anywhere along the Esophagus, and usually begins in the cell lining.

Types of Esophageal Cancer
The 2 common types of Esophageal Cancer include

Adenocarcinoma–form in mucus-secreting cells; usually in lower Esophagus; most common type in US.
Squamous cell carcinoma–most common in upper and middle Esophagus; most common type worldwide.

Symptoms may include:

Difficulty Swallowing
Worsening Heartburn or Indigestion
Pain or pressure in the chest
continual irritating Cough or Hoarseness
Weight Loss

Risk factors
GERD (Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease)
Smoking and alcohol consumption
Obesity
Drinking excessively hot liquids
Lack of fruit and vegetable intake

Lung Cancer

Types of Lung Cancer

There are 2 main types of Lung Cancer, with 3 divisions of NSCLC:

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
- Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC)
- Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
- Large cell carcinoma (LCC).

Typical early signs of Lung Cancer include coughing, fatigue, shortness of breath, weight loss, hoarseness, chest pains and wheezing. Lung Cancer tends to have poor prognosis because of the lack of symptoms until it becomes more advanced in most cases.
Some studies of TCM have showed up to 32% reduced death rate when TCM is added to treatment.

Differentiation of Lung Cancer in TCM

1. Qi and Yin Deficiency
Weak Cough with little phlegm. Fatigue, sweating, hot flashes, palpitations.
2. Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency
Cough and asthma with thin white sputum. chest oppression, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, edema, loose stools.
3. Lung Yin Deficiency
Dry cough without phlegm, sweating, thirsty, irritability, hoarse voice.
4. Qi and Blood Stasis
Cough and dyspnea with hard to clear phlegm. Stabbing or distending pain, subcutaneous hemorrhage, depression and anxiety. Dull or cyanotic complexion, lips, tongue and nail beds.
5. Heat and Phlegm Obstructing the Lung
Cough with excessive yellow sticky phlegm. Fever, oppression and pain in chest, hemoptysis, thirst.
6. Qi Deficiency with Toxic Heat
Cough is aggravating, and lesions in lung progressed. Weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest pain, cancerous fever, hemoptysis, sweating.

Primary Herbs used for Esophageal Cancer in China

The following herbs, in decending order, were found in a review to be the most used TCM herbs in the treatment of Esophageal Cancer (see here)

Chicken Gizzard skin
Astragalus Huang Qi
Atracylodes Bai Zhu
Schisandra Wu Wei Zi
Prepared Licorice Zhi Gan Cao

Poria Fu Ling
Paeonia Bai Shao
Turmeric Jiang Huang
Prunella Xia Ku Cao
Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao

Rehmannia Di Huang
Codonopsis Dang Shen
Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi
Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian
Magnolia bark Hou Po

This review also found the following herb pairings to be statistically significant in promoting survival in Esophageal Cancer:
1. Angelica Dang Gui and Paeonia Bai Shao
2. Atractylodes Bai Zhu and Poria Fu Ling
3. Chicken Gizzard skin and Astragalus Huang Qi.

In another Review of TCM databases, 327 herbs and over 100 formulas were evaluated for the regularity of prescription in advanced Lung Cancer. The following stand formulas were found to be most prescribed:
1. Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang
2. Liu Jun Zi Tang
3. Bai He Gu Jin Tang

It also found the following triplets of herbs to be most commonly rescribed in formula:
1. Trichosanthes root Tian Hua Fen, Glehnia She Shen, Ophiopogonis Mai Men Dong
2. Polygonatum Yu Zhu, Glehnia She Shen, Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong
3. Scutellaria barbata Ban Zhi Lian, Codonopsis Dang Shen, Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao

Another review compared treatment of Lung Cancer by doctors in Guangzhou and Beijing:
1. The 3 most commonly prescribed herbs were Coix Yi Yi Ren, Poria Fu Ling, Pinellia Ban Xia, Phlegm-clearing being a primary focus.
2. Secondly, herbs such as Paeonia Bai Shao, Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong, Pseudostellaria Tai Zi Shen were added to tonify Yin.
3. Thirdly, medicines to Clear Heat and Toxin were used: China root (Tu Fu Ling), Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao, Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian.
4. The review found that Beijing doctors payed more attention to nourishing Qi and Yin, while Guangzhou doctors focused more on clearing Heat and Toxin, and Blood stasis.

10 Most common TCM formulas used for Esophageal Cancer
According to the Taiwan national Health Database, in descending order of prevelence of use:

1. Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang
2. Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang
3. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San
4. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

5. Pao Ho Wan
6. Gan Lu Yin
7. Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Shi Tang

8. Ping Wei San
9. Jia Wei Xiao Yao San
10. Liu Wei Di Huang Wan

Synergistic with Chemo- or Radio-therapy
1. Crocin (from Saffron) significantly improves the chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin (see here)
2. Yu Ping Feng San enhances cisplatin effect and hinders resistance (see here)
3. Efficacy and safety of Jianpishengsui for chemotherapy-related fatigue in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
4. Astragalus Huang Qi was found most effective out of a number of Chinese herbs studied to increase 24 month survival rate when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. (see here)

Plantain

Asparagus root

Elecampane

Violet

Figs

Inonotus (Chaga)

Bitter Almond

Frankincense

Black Nightshade

Hyssop

Comfrey

Licorice

Cleavers

Walnuts

Agaric

Self Heal

Madder

Cannabis

Chinese Classification
Simples

Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong

Astragalus Huang Qi

Almond kernel (Xing Ren)

Arisaema Tian Nan Xing

Selaginella Shi Shang Bai

Fritillaria Bei Mu

Houttuynia, Yu Xing Cao

Hedyotis

Phellinus igniarius

Poria Fu Ling

Cremastra Shan Ci Gu

Toxicodenron Gan Qi

Asparagus Tian Men Dong

Atractylodes Bai Zhu

Pueraria Ge Gen

Belamcanda She Gan

Semiaquilaegia Tian Kui

Nightshade (Long Kui)

Prunella Xia Kua Cao

Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian

Phellinus linteus

Trametes (Turkey Tail)

Rabdosia Dong Ling Cao

Wickstroemia Liao Ge Wang

Formulas
Bai He Gu Jin Tang
Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
Mai Men Dong Tang
Sha She Mai Men Dong Tang
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang
Zhen Xiang Jiao Nag
Ping Xiao Capsules (TCM Patent)
Xi Huang Wan
For use during Chemo- and Radio-therapy
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Special Formula

For ‘Lung Ulcer’

(can overlap Lung Cancer)

Comfrey root 1 oz.

Tragacanth Cooling

Powder 2 scruples

Conserve of Rose:

Mastic

Nutmeg

Storax

Frankincense 1 scruple each.

With Diascordium, form an Electuary. (Gazophylacium Medico-Physicum, Woyts, 1746)

Modern Chinese Combination:

Peach kernel (Tao Ren)

Rhubarb (Da Huang)

Paeonia Mu Dan Pi

This combination has been studied. It showed 29 chemical compounds with anti-cancer effect working on 141 therapeutic targets in Lung cancer. (see here)

Modern combination:

Siberian Ginseng

Astragalus Huang Qi

Ginseng

Cantharide (Ban Mao)

Bu Fei Decoction

Mulberry bark (Sang Bai Pi) 12 grams

Astragalus Huang Qi 24 grams

Rehmannia Shu Di Huang 15–24 grams

Aster Zi Wan 9 grams

Ginseng 9 grams

Schisandra Wu Wei Zi 6 grams

This is a commonly used TCM formula for Lung deficiency and chronic lung disease. It has a proven effective against non-small cell lung cancer. (see here)

He Chan Tablet

Pinellia Ban Xia

Toad skin (Chan Pi)

Ranunculus ternatus Mao Zhao Cao

Ginseng (Ren Shen)

Asparagus Tian Men Dong

Lepidium Ting Li Z

Agrimonia Xian He Cao

Houttuynia Yu Xing Cao

Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu

This formula has been approved by the China National Medical Products Administration for use in Lung Cancer and has been used for several decades. (See here)

Zi Long Jin Tablet

Dang Gui

Solanum nigrum Long Kui

Solanum lyratum Bai Mao Teng

Astragalus Huang Qi

This has also been licensed for use in Lung Cancer and other Cancers in China.

For Lung Cancer

Solanum lyratum Bai Mao Teng

Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao

Lobelia root Ban Bian Lian

Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian

Take 2 oz. of each of the fresh herbs (1 oz. dry) and decoct in water to be taken as common drink throughout the day (Barefoot Doctors Manual)

For Lung Cancer

Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao 60g

Lithospermum Zi Cao Gen 60 grams

Peucedanum Qian Hu 30 grams

Bezoar (Niu Huang) 10 grams

Use powdered extracts of the herbs, add the Bezoar. Dose: 1.5 grams, three times daily. (Chen & Chen)

Lung and Throat Cancer

Astragalus Huang Qi

Hedyotis Bai hua she she cao

Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian

Black Nightshade (Long Kui)

Sophora Shan Dou Gen

Licorice

Esophageal Cancer

Dioscorea bulbifera Huang Yao Zi

Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao

Scutellaria barbata Ban Zhi Lian

Cremastra Shan Ci Gu

Licorice

Astragalus Huang Qi

Qi Yu San Long

Astragalus Huang Qi 30 grams

Solanum nigrum (Long Kui) 20 grams

Gecko (Ge Jie) 6 grams

Earthworm (Di Long) 6 grams

Euphorbia helioscopia Ze Qi 6 grams

Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao 20 grams

Zedoary (E Zhu) 10 grams

Coix Yi Yi Ren 20 grams

Polygonatum Yu Zhu 10 grams

Fritillaria Chuan Bei Mu 6 grams

This formula was created by Professor Han Ming Xiang and has been used clinically for 20 years with reported ‘pronounced efficacy in Lung Cancer’ (See research here and here)

Jin Long Capsule

Bungarus Jin Qian Bai Hua She

Agkistrodon Qi She

Gecko Ge Jie

This capsule, prepared from three animal medicines (the first 2 are species of viper), has been found to be effective in improving survival rate in Esophageal Carcinoma when combined with conventional therapy.

(See here)

Kilkyung baeksan

Prepared Croton seed

Platycodon Jie Geng

Fritillaria Zhi Bei Mu., equal parts

This is a Traditional Chinese Medicine, used for Chronic Cough and chronic lung diseases.

This has been proven to be effective against multiple Lung Cancer cell lines

Yi Qi Chu Tan Decoction

Pinellia Ban Xia 15 g

Ginseng 30 g

Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu 15 grams

Pleione Shan Ci Gu 15 grams

This was studied and found to inhibit transplanted growth of three types of Lung Cancer as well as inhibiting angiogenesis. It has been used along with chemotherapy in advanced Non-small cell lung cancer with good effect (See here)

Fuzheng Kang’ai decoction

Designed for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Pseudostellaria Tai zi shen 30 grams

Atractylodes Bai zhu 15 grams

Astragalus Huang qi 30 grams

Hedyotis Bai hua she she cao 30 grams

Solanum Long kui 30 grams

Salvia chinensis Shi jian chun 30 grams

Cremastra Shan ci gu 30 grams

Coix Yi yi ren 30 grams

Akebia quinata Ba yue zha 30 grams

Rubus parviflolius She pao le 30 grams

Zedoary (E zhu) 15 grams

Licorice Gan cao 10 grams

It has been shown to have greater efficacy with Gefitinib than Gefitinib alone. It also was shown to prevent metastasis of Lung Cancer.

Yang Yin Jie Du Decoction

Astragalus Huang Qi

Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong

Paris Chong Lou

Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi

Gynostemma Jiao Gu Lan

This has been studied and found effective to induce apoptosis in Lung cancer. (See research here)

Fei Yan Ning Formula

Astragalus Huang Qi

Polygonatum Huang Jing

Atractylodes Bai Zhu

Cornus Shan Zhu Yu

Paris Chong Lou

Wasp Nest (Feng Fang)

Salvia Dan Shen

Cremastra Shan Ci Gu

Toad Skin (Chan Pi)

Ganoderma Ling Zhi

Epimedium Yin Yang Huo

This has proven efficacy against NSCLC (see research here)

Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang.

Mulberry leaf (Sang Ye) 9 grams

Gypsum (Shi Gao) 20 grams

Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong 9 grams

Licorice (Gan Cao) 6 grams

Black Sesame (Hu Ma Ren) 3 grams

Cannabis seed (Huo Ma Ren) 6 grams

Ass hide glue (E Jiao) 6 grams

Apricot seed (Xing Ren) 9 grams

Ginseng (Ren Shen) 6 grams

Loquat leaf (Pi Pa Ye) 9 grams

In a study of over 23,000 Lung cancer patients who used TCM, there was a 32% decrease in death rate. The most effective formula was found to be Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang. (See research here)

Hangamdan S

Cordyceps

Ginseng

Myrrh (Mo Yao)

Bezoar (Niu Huang)

Pearl

Frankincense (Ru Xiang)

Notoginseng San Qi

Cremastra Shan Ci Gu

This is a Korean Medicine used in Cancer therapy. It was found effective for Metastatic Lung Cancer (from Bladder Cancer). (See a case history here)

Late-stage Gastric Cancer and Esophageal Cancer:

Toad Venom

Bezoar (artificial)

Lonicera Jin Yin Hua

Centipede (Wu Gong)

Dandelion (Pu Gong Ying)

Scutellaria barbata Ban Zhi Lian

Black Nightshade (Long Kui)

Pearl

Rhubarb (Da Huang)

Olibanum

Myrrh

Corydalis Yan Hu Suo

Safflower (Hong Hua)

Pinellia ginger-processed Ban Xia

Codonopsis Dang Shen

Astragalus Huang Qi

Amomum Sha Ren

(as in Jin Pu Jiao Nang of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia)

Jin Fu Kang

Astragalus Huang Qi 146 grams

Glehnia Bei Sha Shen 146 grams

Asparagus Tian Men Dong 49 grams

Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi 49 grams

Selaginella Shi Shang Bai 146 grams

Paris root Chong Lou 73 grams

Epimedium Yin Yang Huo 49 grams

Gynostemma Jiao Gu Lan 49 grams

Cornus Shan Zhu Yu 49 grams

Salvia fruit Shi Jian Chuan 146 grams

Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong 49 grams

Fenugreek seed (Hu Lu Ba) 49 grams

The above prescription is boiled down to make 1 liter of syrup.

This is an approved therapy in China for the prevention and treatment of Lung Cancer and is commonly used with Chemotherapy. It inhibits Cancer cells, reverses drug resistance and induces apoptosis, It was approved by the state administration in 1999. (see more)

Extra Info
History
Research
Comment

Possible Lung Cancer in a Traditional text
“… but the following diseases, about which I am now going to speak, have been only seen by me on very rare occasions. Now, a man [begins] to cough suddenly, and he bringeth up chyme which is like fresh bile, and the colour of which is between red and yellow (i.e.,reddish-yellow), and which contains no acidity whatsoever. From this time onward the man spitteth more and more each day, and at length attacks of subtle fevers seize him, his body beginneth to diminish, and he beginneth to spit pus, and after a period of about four months he bringeth up a little blood with the pus, and he is attacked by fever and inflammation. And again, after a little, he spitteth copiously; and he also wasteth away rapidly, and after this the fever increases, and in this way his strength is turned into weakness, and he dieth, in the same way as those who are attacked by the sickness of phthisis die.
“I saw another man also who was ill in exactly the same way for six months, and I saw another man also who was ill in exactly the same way, only more seriously. He whom I had seen first of all did not seem to me in the beginning of his illness to have anything bad in his condition, but subsequently it became well known that he had, and I knew only too well that he was in evil case. When, however, I saw the second man I knew at once, from the very beginning, that I
must treat him with the greatest possible care, and hence forth I treated both of them with the greatest care. Neither of them lived, however, nor any other man after them who was attacked by the same disease, for they all spat (blood]
before their end, and they brought up portions of the lungs that had become rotten. Therefore I knew well that a certain disease had attacked them which was like unto that which taketh place in the external members when they become saturated and decay through the fluid of corruption; only, in the case of the external members it is possible for the physician to cut them off, and, before this, to cauterize them, but with the lungs it is not possible for him to do |either of these things, and therefore they all perish.
“Now when I saw the second man, it seemed to me that I might be able to dry up the lungs forcibly by means of the aromatic drugs and draughts that were good for them, and I therefore ordered him to draw in the odour of that drug which is called “hedrôkhnôn” the whole day long, and I held it to his nose, and he inhaled the odour of it continually. And I also ordered him to keep his nostrils anointed at all times with one of the unguents that are compounded of drugs of very sweet smell, namely, that which they call “Pôrâțôsîpîşà”. And I gave him to drink draughts of the potion which is called “Metdôrîțôs”, and “Ambrosia”, and “Immortality”, and “Türķe”, but even with these things and drinking these drinks he only lingered for a year, and at length, in the same manner as those who have phthisis, he too died. Now he lingered a long time because of the course of treatment which we have described.” (From the Syrian ‘Book of Medicine‘, translated by Budge, 1913)

General / Review
–Medicinal Plants and Other Living Organisms with Antitumor Potential against Lung Cancer
–Clinical application and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of lung cancer
–Traditional Chinese medicine and lung cancer–From theory to practice.
–Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Literature Review.
–Long-Term Effectiveness of Combined Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Prognosis of Patients with Lung Cancer
–The association between mortality and use of Chinese herbal medicine among incident stage IV esophageal cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study with core herbs exploration.
Cannabis
–Preclinical and Clinical Assessment of Cannabinoids as Anti-Cancer Agents
–Striking lung cancer response to self-administration of cannabidiol: A case report and literature review
Carthamus
–Safflower polysaccharide induces NSCLC cell apoptosis by inhibition of the Akt pathway.
–Anti-tumor activity of safflower polysaccharide (SPS) and effect on cytotoxicity of CTL cells, NK cells of T739 lung cancer in mice.
Catharanthus
–Safety and Efficacy of Vinorelbine in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Coptis
–Effects of Coptis extract combined with chemotherapeutic agents on ROS production, multidrug resistance, and cell growth in A549 human lung cancer cells
Costus:
–Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vivo and in vitro through ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy.
Hedyotis
ESOPHAGEAL:
–Can Chinese herbal medicine offer feasible solutions for newly diagnosed esophageal cancer patients with malnutrition? a multi-institutional real-world study.
–Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis.
–The association between mortality and use of Chinese herbal medicine among incident stage IV esophageal cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study with core herbs exploration.
LUNG
–Molecular mechanism of the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by Hedyotis Diffusa: an integrative study with real-world clinical data and experimental validation.
–Kaempferol promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell autophagy via restricting Met pathway.
–Mechanism exploration and prognosis study of Astragali Radix-Spreading hedyotis herb for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics approaches and molecular dynamics simulation.
–Analysis of the cluster efficacy and prescription characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine intervention for non-small cell lung cancer based on a clustering algorithm.
–Hedyotis diffusa injection induces ferroptosis via the Bax/Bcl2/VDAC2/3 axis in lung adenocarcinoma.
–[Effect of “Hedyotis Diffusae Herba-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma” in treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology].
–Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Suppress the Growth of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via NLRP3/NF-kappaB/MAPK Signaling Pathways.
–2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone inhibits lung carcinoma cells through modulation of IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
–Purification and characterization a polysaccharide from Hedyotis diffusa and its apoptosis inducing activity toward human lung cancer cell line A549.
–Systems pharmacology uncover the mechanism of anti-non-small cell lung cancer for Hedyotis diffusa Willd.
Lemon Balm
–Melissa officinalis L. ethanolic extract inhibits the growth of a lung cancer cell line by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis.
–The herbal medicine Melissa officinalis extract effects on gene expression of p53, Bcl-2, Her2, VEGF-A and hTERT in human lung, breast and prostate cancer cell lines.
Panax
–Immunoregulatory mechanism studies of ginseng leaves on lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Peganum
–Suppression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by a Novel Small Molecular Activator of RECK.
Poria:
–Cytotoxic Constituents from the Sclerotia of Poria cocos against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Apoptosis
–Pachymic acid induces apoptosis via activating ROS-dependent JNK and ER stress pathways in lung cancer cells
–Structural identification of a fucose-containing 1,3-β-mannoglucan from Poria cocos and its anti-lung cancer CL1-5 cells migration via inhibition of TGFβR-mediated signaling
Prunella
–Chemoprevention by Prunella vulgaris L. extract of non-small cell lung cancer
Rabdosia
ESOPHAGEAL:
–Targeting AKT with Oridonin Inhibits Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and Patient-Derived Xenografts In Vivo.
–[Potentiation by Rabdosia rubescens on chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma].
–Involvement of Glutathione Depletion in Selective Cytotoxicity of Oridonin to p53-Mutant Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells.
–OP16 induces deadly autophagy and apoptosis of cells by inhibiting Akt in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
–Oridonin-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf pathways.
–Gene expression profiling and pathway network analysis of anti-tumor activity by Jaridon 6 in esophageal cancer.
–Jaridonin-induced G2/M phase arrest in human esophageal cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen species-dependent Cdc2-tyr15 phosphorylation via ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway.
–Preliminary-study of the effect of selected chinese natural drugs on human ovarian-cancer cells.
LUNG:
–Oridonin inhibits the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway.
–Ponicidin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid derived from a constituent of the herbal supplement PC-SPES, Rabdosia rubescens, induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and mitochondrial events in lung cancer cells in vitro.
–Oridonin enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2.
–Oridonin inhibits mTOR signaling and the growth of lung cancer tumors.
LARYNGEAL CANCER:
–Inhibition of caspase-9 by oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, augments apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells.
–Oridonin Induces Apoptosis of Laryngeal Carcinoma via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.
–Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy elicited by combined treatment with oridonin and cetuximab in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
–Combined oridonin with cetuximab treatment shows synergistic anticancer effects on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: involvement of inhibition of EGFR and activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK pathway.
–Inhibition of EGFR signaling augments oridonin-induced apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells via enhancing oxidative stress coincident with activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
Rheum, Rhubarb
–A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Anticancer Mechanism and Potential Active Ingredients of Rheum palmatum L. Against Lung Cancer via Induction of Apoptosis
–Emodin induces apoptosis and suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer growth via downregulation of sPLA2-IIa.
Ruta
–Anti-tumor and Cytotoxic effects were demonstrated by a 70% ethanol extract of Herba Rutae against a number of human tumor cell lines including Prostate adenocarinoma and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Scutellaria barbata
–In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of scutebarbatine A on human lung carcinoma A549 cell lines.
Salvia Dan Shen
–Danshen improves survival of patients with advanced lung cancer and targeting the relationship between macrophages and lung cancer cells
Solanum
–Screening of Stat3 inhibitory effects of Korean herbal medicines in the A549 human lung cancer cell line
Toxicodendron Gan Qi
–Antioxidant, Anti-Lung Cancer, and Anti-Bacterial Activities of Toxicodendron vernicifluum
–Combination Therapy of Gefitinib and Korean Herbal Medicines Could be a Beneficial Option for Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Turmeric:
–Inhibition of lung cancer cells A549 and H460 by curcuminoid extracts and nanoemulsions prepared from Curcuma longa Linnaeus
Zedoary E Zhu
–Preliminary evaluation of the potential role of β-elemene in reversing erlotinib-resistant human NSCLC A549/ER cells
–β-elemene reverses the drug resistance of A549/DDP lung cancer cells by activating intracellular redox system, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and P-glycoprotein expression, and inducing apoptosis
–β-Elemene Restrains PTEN mRNA Degradation to Restrain the Growth of Lung Cancer Cells via METTL3-Mediated N6 Methyladenosine Modification
–Elemene for the treatment of lung cancer.
–WITHDRAWN: Elemene for the treatment of lung cancer.
–Chemical constituents and anticancer activity of Curcuma zedoaria roscoe essential oil against non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
Formulas
–Traditional Chinese Medicine Xihuang Wan Inhibited Lewis Lung Carcinoma in a Syngeneic Model, Equivalent to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, by Altering Multiple Signaling Pathways
–Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology.