Fritillaria, Bei Mu 贝母 Bei Mu (TCM)A bhi kha  ཨ་བི་ཁ་  (Tibetan, F. cirrhosa)A bhi sa mchog (Tibet, F. delavayi)Kshira Kaakoli (Ayurveda, F. cirrhosa) Fritillaria cirrhosa, Chuan Bei MuHooker, Icones Plantarum 1852Fritillaria thunbergii, Zhe Bei MuThunberg, Icones plantarum japonicarum, 1800 Fritillaria thunbergii(Photo by Piropiro77) (Wikimedia) Grades of Fritillaria Bei Mu (Adam, 2017) Fritillaria Bei Mu (Chengdu Medicine Market. Adam, 2017) Botanical name: Fritillaria spp.A number of species are used: Chuan Bei Mu: F. cirrhosa (syn. F roylei), F. unibracteata, F. przewalskii, F delavayi Zhe Bei Mu: F. thunbergii (syn. F. verticillata var. thunbergii) Hubei Bei Mu: F. hupehensis Yi Bei Mu: F. walujewii, F. pallidiflora Ping Bei Mu: F. ussuriensis The first 2 are most used and have similar, but distinctly different uses (see below)In older TCM texts, these were all used synonymously.F. cirrhosa and F. delavayi are used in Tibetan Medicine. Parts used: Dried bulb Temperature & Taste: Cool, dry. BitterChuan Bei Mu is less Cold, and also slightly Sweet, therefore more strengthening.Zhe Bei Mu is more Cold and Bitter, therefore better to clear Heat. Classification: P. Clears Hot Phlegm Uses: Clears Phlegm-Heat, Stops Cough: (TCM, Ayurveda, Tibetan) Cough, chronic Cough, Cough with Blood-streaked sputumBronchitis, Asthma, TuberculosisChuan Bei Mu (F. cirrhosa et. al.) is…

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