Iris, Orris and Flower de Luce Bekh e Sosan, Irsa (Unani)Susan (Arabic) Herbarius latinus, Petri, 1485 Ortus Sanitatis, Meydenbach, 1491 De Materia Medica, Andres de Laguna, 1555 Left: Iris germanica;   Right: I. florentinaDella Materia Medicinale, Andrea Valuassori, 1562 (left) Iris germanicaFlora von Deutschland, Kohler, 1886 Iris florentinaDarstellung und Beschreibung sammtliche, Berg, 1858 IRIS FLORENTINA1, Branched rhizome. 2. Root scars on the under surface. 3. Indistinct annulations. 4. Transverse section showing thick cortex. 5. Section showing conducting tissue in masses. IRIS GERMANICA1. Large rhizome showing under surface and numerous root scars. 2. Leaf bases. 3. Portion of unpeeled surface. 4. Cortex. 5. Large, frequently dark, central cylinder. (Squibb’s Atlas of the Official Drugs, Mansfield, 1919) Botanical name: Iris germanica, I. florentina Parts used: Root“Hard, dense, compact, reddish and free from stink resembling that of stagnant water constitutes the best quality of Orris. It irritates the tongue and forcefully causes Sneezing”. (Avicenna)“It is necessary that after the roots have been collected they should be dried in shade and tied together with the thread of flax”. (Avicenna) Temperature & Taste: Warm, dry. Pungent“Hot and Dry in the last of the Second degree”. (Avicenna) Classifications: 2B. ATTENUATERS   2K. RESOLVENT   2L. EMOLLIENT 3F. LITHONTRIPTIC   …

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