Saussurea nepalensis, Kon pa gab skyes ཀོན་པ་གབ་སྐྱེས་ Kon pa gab skyes (Tibet)Nibo er Feng Mao Ju 尼泊尔风毛菊 (TCM) Left: Saussurea crepidifolia, Right: S. runcinataKomarov (Komorov), V.L., Flora of the U.S.S.R. (1934-1964) Botanical name: Saussurea spp.There are 3 types: Kon pa gab skyes (‘Male’): S. nepalensis Kon pa gab chen (‘Female’): S. ilkiangensis (syn. S. przewalskii, S. cirsioides, S. giraldii, S. likiangensis var. integrifolia) Pra kha pra chung (Mountain type): Saussurea pachyneura (syn. S. bodinieri, S. kunthiana, S. sikangensis) Saussurea eriostemon and S. leontodontoides are reportedly used in Nepal and are called Kon pa gab skyes chung.Others listed include S. runcinata, S. crepidifolia, S. kingii Parts used: Whole herb Temperature & Taste: Cool, dry. Bitter Classification: Uses: 1. Clears Heat, Stops Bleeding:-Heat-type bleeding-new and old Wounds-Heals ruptured vessels2. Clears Wind-Heat, Resists Poison:-Heat disorders from excess Bile, Heat of the Blood-Fever from Blood and Wind-Food Poisoning-hot and toxic swellings-Neuralgia, Neuritis,-Headache Dose: Powder: 1–3 grams Comment: This medicine is commonly used as a vegetable substitute for Bear Bile in Tibetan Medicine. Substitute: ‘Similar potency to Nux vomica’ (Norbu) Main Combinations: Major Formulas: Cautions: None noted Main Preparations used:

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